Understanding Erickson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development

Development Throughout the Lifespan Trevor Endre Dr. Michelle Greene Personality Theories Argosy University April 12, 2017 Before I go into the details of my observations I am going to explain Erickson’s Stages of Psychosocial development. These include, stage one: Trust versus mistrust, Stage two: Autonomy versus doubt, Stage three: Initiative versus guilt, Stage four: Industry versus inferiority, Stage five: Identity versus role confusion, Stage six: Intimacy versus isolation, Stage seven: Generativity versus stagnation, and finally Stage eight: Integrity versus despair. Stage one takes place from when a child is born until the age of one. In stage one â€Å"the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live†. (Saul†¦show more content†¦During this time the adult centers themselves around making intimate/ loving relationships. Success in this endeavor leads to strong relationships while failure leads to isolation. Stage seven Takes place between forty and sixty-five. During this time people feel the need to create things or nurture things that will outlive them, often creating things that will benefit others. â€Å"Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.† (McLeod) Finally we have stage eight. Stage eight takes place between the ages of sixty-five and death. During this stage one reflects upon their life. Success in this stage leads to a feeling of wisdom, while failure leads to regret and despair. During these interviews, I learned that a lot of your psychological development is based off one’s environment. For a child to succeed in all stages it needs a solid base, for example parents that care for their child giving them a sense of security. During my interviews, I realized that all the people I interviewed Had a fantastic home life, did well in school, and had stable relationships. While going through Erickson’s stages of development one will notice that if a stage is not perfected they will have trouble with the other stages. For example, in the Trust vs. Mistrust stage if a child does not learn trust they will be affected during the other stages. Both Erickson’s and Freud’s Personality theories share manyShow MoreRelatedErickson s Theory Of Development1382 Words   |  6 PagesErickson has developed a psychosocial theory, which was modeled on Freud s model of psychosexual theory. Erickson s theory extends the number of life stages in order to encompass the entire life. Erickson expanded the principles of psychosocial development beyond childhood and theorized that the ego itself is shaped and transformed not only by biological and psychological forces, but also social factors. This was a new perspective because Freud s theory didn t use any other factors for developmentRead MorePsychology Life Spans1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Development Throughout the Lifespan NAME. PSY : Personality Theories Argosy University Development throughout the Lifespan The development of our personalities throughout our lifespan can be broken down into various stages when considering Erikson’s approach to psychology development. Each person moves through these stages during life, which directly affects his or her success in the next stage. The personality is being built and shaped at each stage. The first step is toRead MoreErick Erickson A Psychoanalytical Perspective on human development2657 Words   |  11 PagesPerspective on Human Development Final Project Paper Excelsior Community College Tatiane Boyd 4/19/15 This paper was prepared for PSY 235, Lifespan Development. Abstract The growth and development happening throughout a human’s life have been divided into five broad categories including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. However, in accordance with Erick Erickson, human development happens in eight different psychosocial stages. And that with every single stage, new conflictsRead MoreThe Theoretical Approaches Of Human Development Essay2098 Words   |  9 PagesHuman development is a constant process of change which continues throughout the existence of the human being. Each stage, or part of the life cycle, is of utmost importance since each one affects or enriches the following years. Biological, psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual life-cycle factors determine human development. The theoretical approaches attempt to explain this development and its importance in an individual s life. These organized sets of ideas are essential in furtheringRead MoreA Social Perspective On Child Development1304 Words   |  6 PagesKnowing and understanding how children learn, grow and change is significant when one is asked to diagnose certain physical, and cognitive concerns with a child. It allows others to realize and accept the physical, emotional, cognitive, social and educational growth a child goes through from the time they were born throughout their early adulthood. Engagement in the social and physical world pushes their development forward. Child development can be seen as a social constructivism, (development becomesRead MoreTheories And Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesand psychosocial development to provide basic tenets, explain why they are important to my future discipline and also analyze the relationship between my chosen therapist Freud and Erikson. Two key theories Freud s Theory of Psychosexual and Erikson s Theory of Psychosocial development are both psychoanalytic theories. Sigmund Freud concluded that personality develops through several stages and the psychosexual development was the driving force behind behavior. Sigmund Freud s psychoanalyticRead MoreErikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesPsychosocial Development â€Å"Erik Erickson (1902-1994) was best known for his work on stages of psychosocial development and identity crisis† (Cherry, A Brief Biography of His Remarkable Life, 2016). Erickson was able to gain a clear focus on children and was able to interpret what he was seeing by observing children throughout the life, including events of childhood, adulthood, and old age. Erikson s theory posits that every human being passes through several distinct and qualitatively differentRead MoreErikson and maslow874 Words   |  4 Pageslearning and development. Erickson and Maslow both have theories that focus on social and personality development, as well as a person’s motivation to learn throughout their lives. Their theories are helpful in understanding Jeannette Walls’ development of self. Erickson and Maslow also help clarify why her mother, father, and living in New York City were such influential factors in the development of Jeanette’s sense of self. Erickson theorizes that a person experiences different stages, and theRead MoreJean Piaget And Erik Erikson Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesage-appropriateness, while incorporating foundations of theorist teachings. A child-theorist’s research can provide an understanding of how and why children behave, as well as how they process information. Erik Erickson’s 8 Stages of Development provided a timeline for stages people’s minds go through by their age. Jean Piaget’s came up with the four stages of mental and physical development, that help us recognize children’s behaviors and abilities at certain ages as well as examples of how children learnRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense of

Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping Free Essays

Yes it is agreed as it is a young modern city transformed from a desert, hence has taken the best of the cities to make it the best . As a result the bench mark of lifestyle is high for e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Dubai Residents Nowadays Spend Too Much on Shopping or any similar topic only for you Order Now : cars, designer labels are imported as Dubai doesn’t manufactures it, therefore consumer has to pay if he wants. These luxuries are a necessity be it as a means of travel etc. However the city is new and has many multicultural populations hence results in various demands. There are various reasons for shopping in Dubai such as brand addiction, status symbol etc, another reason is that the activities are limited and visits to shopping malls results in shopping. Growing trends of shopping noticed in dubai in last few years in resident of dubai. Every person who lives in dubai now are more into the shopping phobia. Above statement is stated on use of following attributies : 1. Financially Stable Country 2. Highest Salary Graph 3. Brand Abundance 4. Geographical Location 5. Fashion In The Air 6. Unlimited Advertisement. 1) Dubai is nowadays people around the world are seen seeking interest in setting up their business entities in Middle East and mostly Dubai . Furthermore according to H. H Shk Muhammad Bin Al Rashid Al Makhtoum (Vice president and ruler of Dubai ) stated that in previous two years people are having more confident to invest their money in Dubai as it has been financially stable during the recession whch took place in 2008 , the evidence to it is that however there was recession in the country but it did not effect the ambition and addiction of residents on shopping , it was seen that shopping malls were seen crowded every season , which makes one say that Dubai is Financially Stable Country . ) The Second reason of why Dubai Residents spend too much money on shopping is that the salary graph is noticed to be increasing day by day which is cause of getting addicted to shopping , it can also be referred as excess of money , however because of this increasing salary residents are addicted to buy branded product to maintain their status in society. Studies have established that UAE has the regions highest individual spenders, with each of its 8. 2 million people spending an average amount of $21,577 (Dhs 79,522) per annum . (Arab Monetory Fund 2010). The world highest apparel sales per capital is at $785 (Dhs 2,865) . At kearney’s Global Retail ) . Furthermore most of the Housewives in Dubai spend their time in kitty parties and other social activities , and for these activities they spend a bunch money on brands , beauty saloon , spa , designer label clothes etc . However these are afforded only because there is increase in salary which eventually increase the addiction to shopping. Hence the salary graph plays an important role in shopping addiction among the residents of Dubai . 3) Brand Abundance is said to be one of the major cause of over expenditures on shopping attitude in Dubai residents. As the financial stability hits the region of Dubai every major brand outlet is easy to find in Dubai , due to number of malls and various brands stores. This makes Dubai resident more brand conscious and as a result overexposure to labels , brands and novelties are found in Dubai. Which maintains the habit of shopping among Dubai Residents. This also makes a reson for every brand to target Dubai as the consumption is seen more in this part of Middle East. Such is the case with Bloomingdales , Parada , Nichols and many other brands . ) Geographical Location is Excessive shopping happened in dubai is because of geographical location. The geographical location of the city also favors excessive shopping. Dubai has a hot and moist type of weather. For that cause, people are ambitious to the big air-conditioned shopping malls. There, they are over depiction to the advertisement and charisma of the major brands and that makes them shop more. Brands here are merely profit-oriented, and do n ot run environmental campaigns in the park or on the beach, but in the mall. Also, as it was previously talk about Dubai is a shopping hub due to the city’s geographical location. People from China, Saudi Arabia and Europe visit Dubai on a holiday or simply on a shopping extravaganza from corner to the malls. It seems that this propensity for shopping is reflecting on Dubai residents as well. Whenever you go out, and that means most of the time to the shopping mall, you see beaming tourists carrying a multitude of glossy shopping bags. 5) Fashion in the Air A number of power events like Dubai World Cup horse racing or the Oil Barron’s Ball, and never-ending product launches require attendants to dress to the occasions where often they are judged on their outfits by the rest of the crowd. As a result, people have become highly fashion conscious and this is another reason why are Dubai residents addicted to shopping. 6) Unlimited Advertisement is advertising during the past few years become repressive, obtrusive and time-consuming for most of the people who live in Dubai. Since the moment you awake and turn the radio on, you get attacked with offers and promotions. When you drive around Dubai, you see advertisement everywhere and in all forms, from billboards to TV screens. Public transport is one of the major source the brands are using for their advertisements. Such as; * Nowadays, the movies in the Reel Cinema start 25 minutes later, because the cinema makes huge chunk of profit by showing its public a rich variety of advertisements. * This is understandable, but up to some extent! Five ads at the time are quite enough for most of the people, but in Dubai you get to see 35 or more various advertisements before the film starts. The inferior advertisement seller is the TV network. A TV show that is supposed to last 35 minutes, for example, consists of approximately 21 minutes advertisement and 14 minutes content. In addition, the TV ads are literary stuffed by 20 or even 25 in blocks of approximately five minutes each. For example, during â€Å"The Entrepreneur† TV show of 35 minutes, you can watch 4 or 5 times the same advertisement for Coca-Cola. This is no longer even an effective advertisement, because it doesn’t inspire you to drink Coca-Cola, but boars you. In many countries around the world, TV advertisement is regulated by law. Industry experts say that in the United Kingdom, for every one hour of TV program viewers should see 9 minutes of advertisement. In the United States, the norm is stretched to 17 minutes of ads for each hour of show or film. (London Hilton mall—- 2011 Peoples from dubai spends around 100 million pounds due to Olympics 2012 last year they are unable to get more business from the same gentry but currently they are expecting 150 million pounds business from these peoples in 2013. ) According to a survey Only one in five people, or 35 percent of UAE respondents, said luxury was â€Å"over and above what you need†, the Synovate survey of 8,000 people in 11 countries found. This attitude comes from the large number of designer shops, high-end hotels and plush shopping malls in the emirates, said Per-Henrik Karlsson, Synovate’s business development director in Dubai. â€Å"This creates aspirational behaviour among expats, tourists and locals alike. It starts even before you arrive, as the Emirates Airlines pre-landing video about Dubai is all about shopping, luxury cars and hotels,† â€Å"And once on the ground, it’s everywhere: the main highway is full of billboards advertising luxury brands. Even eating out in Dubai is part of this lifestyle, with some luxury brands operating their own food and beverage outlets in malls. The Middle East mass luxury goods sector is set to grow 10 percent a year, Bahrain’s Investcorp said earlier this year, boosted by the region’s young population and relative wealth. The survey found the UAE was also among the top locations for logo-branded goods, with 58 percent of residents saying t hey preferred to buy designer items. The other two countries were India, with 79 percent and Hong Kong with 68 percent. The country with the lowest percentage of people preferring logos was the UK with 46 percent. â€Å"Showing off logos is not seen as bad taste; whether it’s old or new money doesn’t matter nearly as much as simply having money! In fact, another newly popular trend here is buying brands that sport oversize logos, like certain shirts – the more ostentatious, the better,† Karlsson said. Another statistic to come out of the survey, published in December, was that 14 percent of people in the UAE most value the feeling â€Å"that I have something my friends and colleagues do not have†. Twenty three percent of UAE residents said they purchase luxury items â€Å"As soon as I decide I want it, I buy it† – the second highest figure behind India with 28 percent. However, consumer confidence was reported to have slipped for the first time in the UAE since March, the latest quarterly survey by Bayt. com and YouGov Siraj found. (ByElsa Baxter , Tuesday, 12 January 2010 8:03 AM , business . com ) Thus it can be concluded stating that though the addiction of shopping is seen in Dubai residents but however it is increasing the economy of Dubai as there is more consumption and every one in Dubai is buying them whether it be a person of any classified category , the biggest reason which seen and heard it that to maintain the status in society . 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Transformation free essay sample

African American playwrights are writing about difficult topics that affect the hip-hop generation. In this paper, I will focus on the transformation of hip -?hop through theatre in the work of Robert Alexander, A Preface to the Alien Garden, and the work of Camilla Forbes, A Rhyme Deferred. These playwrights reflect the evolution and different elements of the hip-hop culture. There are many similarities and differences between them regarding themes, Intent, deflation of hip hop generation and black theatre, the impact each play has on the hip-hop generation, and the historical context of each play. Both playwrights do an amazing reflecting an accurate depiction of the hip-hop generation, which embodies gangster rap, regular hip-hop music, dance, and music. Kampala Forbes Is an actress, director, and playwright who wrote and directed Rhyme Deferred. She Is the Founding Artistic Director of the HIP Hop Theatre Junction where she focuses on producing and creating works reflecting the hip-hop generation. Her thoughts and passion for hip hop and theatre and the Idea that the new hip hop generation was not reflected through theatre, sparked her to began her story and write the play Rhyme Deferred.This highly energetic play engages the audience through dance and breaking down the third wall between the actors and the audience. Rhyme Deferred is the story of two brothers, both rappers. The older brother, Akin, is a mainstream rapper and becomes successful. The younger and more talented brother, Gave, struggles In the hip-hop underground as he attempts to develop his skills. As older brother Kins popularity begins to fade, he returns to the streets to try to regain his credibility.Haunted by a greedy record label constantly pushing for more product, Akin resorts to stealing younger brother Gables notebook of rhymes in a desperate attempt to come up with fresh material (Drumming). The common good-brother-vs.. -evil-brother motif here Is couched In specific hip-hop terms. Gables Journey reflects that of unsigned rap artists worldwide, and Kins flamboyant similarity to Sean Puff Daddy Combs is none too subtle. Some common themes throughout this play Include defining hip-hop theatre, energy, performance, homophobia, generational hip-hop, and fashion (Drumming).All of these themes contributes to Forbes goal to direct a play to reflects the new enervation of hip hop as well as educate individuals on the progress that needs to be made with the hip hop culture (Drumming peg. 4). Robert Alexander Is a playwright, dramatic. And author of 29 plays. Including A Preface to the Allen Garden. This dramatic and cut-throat play takes place in a crack house in Kansas city in which a group of young gangsters tell a story. This gangs rap agitprop has a strong impact and is expressed through lots of provocative, profane language and rapping.Alexander Incorporates Shakespearean, Western, and gangster ideas Into one play. Some common themes throughout this play are aliens, hip-hop culture, gangs rap, and the Book of Ezekiel (Outlaw Blues). There are many similarities and differences between Forbes and Alexander plays and they both have a common goal to transform hip-hop through theatre. In Rhyme Deferred, hip hop is defined as movement and an engaging expression of the personal struggles African Americans 1 OFF through music, rhythm, beats, and rhymes.Because Forbes defines this hip-hop generation as engaging she makes the play come alive. She initially does this by having live deejays on stage throughout the play. These deejays provide music and beats throughout the play to help tell the story between the brothers. They also encourage audience participation. Forbes also has true music artists and poets play the main characters, Akin and Gave. Akin and Gave freestyle throughout the play, not only does this make the play come alive as a performance but it also accurately reflects to hip-hop generation described in the play.The a-boy dancers also contributed to play coming alive. In A Preface to the Alien Garden hip-hop is defined differently than that in Rhyme Deferred. This play focuses on gangster rap music which is much more profane and hardcore than regular rap music. Alexander defines gangs hip-hop as a reflection of a lifestyle of gang involvement, violence, drugs, sex, women, and music. All of the characters are involved in the Kansas City Crisp called Slanting Zulus and they all have different roles in the set relating to the definition of gangs rap.G Rock is a drug dealer, Crazy Mike is the hit man and the public relations person for the set, Candid is the slut of the gang, Slick Rick is a ex-gang banger who is looking to settle his life, Lisa is a member who loves the Book of Ezekiel ND believes shes been abducted by aliens, B Dog is the physical imposer, Ice Pick is a stone-cold killer, and Shelia is also a drug dealer (Elan). Historical context is very significant when comparing these plays. Rhyme Deferred was written in the late sasss and performed in the early sasss.The hip-hop generation at this time was similar to that of the sasss. In this play, it is defined through what they wear, music style, and dance. Akin is wearing a flashy chain throughout the play reflecting the hip-hop generation, the dance style is a-boy, and the music style is rap music. The historical context is significant when discussing how a hip-hop generation is defined because it helps the reader put the play into perspective. A Preface to the Alien Garden was performed in the late sasss, early sasss but it was written much before it was performed.This play accurately reflects this time period through music and situation. Situation meaning that during the late sasss there were many gangs and gang related activity. In the hip-hop world during this time, two of the greatest gangster rappers were murders Biggie Smalls and Outpace. The play, A Preface to the Alien Garden, encompasses the ideas of gang affiliations and violence into his play. Forbes and Alexander define hip-hop theatre very similarly in both of their plays. It is defined as the transformation of hip-hop through theatre.In Rhyme Deferred, since the focus is on generational hip-hop it is transformed through music, dance, and rhymes. The story of Akin stealing his brothers book of rhymes is another avenue in which hip-hop is transformed because it occurred frequently in hip-hop during the late sasss. Since Forbes does not use many props in this play, she uses the actors to ransom the scene. For example in the notes of the play she says using dance movement, the ensemble takes Akin through a mystical transition to the underworld of the streets. (Fire This Time). This quote shows how bodies were used to create the scenes.While in A Preface to the Alien Garden, the focus is on gangster rap therefore it is transformed through music, the characters lifestyles and roles, and rhymes. Alexander uses props to transform the scenes. For example, Lisa does graffiti plays have on the current hip-hop generation is very different. Gangster rap is not ere common although the language and the degradation of women in current gangster rap songs still exist. Therefore, there is less of an impact on the new hip- hop generation. Although the language in Alexander play was very profane, it would not shock the new hip-hop generation because that language is normal. Forbes play would have a larger impact on the hip-hop generation because it is engaging and depicts some of the same elements important to todays hip-hop generation. Because it is so initially engaging with the deejays and a-boy dancers, the hip-hop generation old be more responsive. This play could have a positive impact on the hip-hop generation pushing them to enjoy hip-hop, reconsider negative thoughts regarding homophobia, and finally it encourages poets and rappers to continue to pursue their passions.The authors intent in both plays, A Preface to the Alien Garden and Rhyme Deferred are very different. Forbes intentions were to make her play for the hip-hop generation, engaging, and for her play to become a performance. She accomplished this by not relying on props and the setting but relying on bodies to create the scene. She also wanted use hip-hop performance elements as theater conventions or theater tools. (Elan). She definitely achieved her goal by having the dual deejays at the end of each side of the stage.The beats and music were used as cues for the actors. Im most comfortable making others uncomfortable. To be comfortable in my world is to be complacent. Therefore my desire as an activist and an artist to provoke the complacent and to upset those with viewpoints that differ from my own. I live for a good fight, no matter how outnumbered or outgunned I may be. (Elan) This tote explains Alexander intent in a nutshell. He wanted this play to be very profane and dramatic to accurately reflect the lives of individuals involved in gangs.His intentions were to stir the pot and anger some of his critics. To my knowledge, there are not many plays that reflect gangster rap culture, use vulgar language, and show elements of gangster rap that are often overlooked in theatre because of the backlash they might receive from it. Some of the elements of gangster hip-hop culture that most directors want to overlook in plays are the realistic language, lenience, and degradation of women. Alexander takes a risk and depicts this in a dramatic way.Alexander intention was also to reinvent a play about the Black Panthers. l wanted to chart the course of what happened with the guns in the ass and ass and whats going on with Black folks with guns now, with these young kids right now who are the descendants of these radicalized, revolutionary idealists who failed to pass the baton on to them, the next generation (Rodriguez). The youth that Joined the Black Panthers learned tough love and the Panthers became an extended family, it revived them with a sense of belonging and power through violence.He also did not want the readers or audiences to believe that the plays intent was to glorify the gang culture. He made this clear in throughout the play; there were no heroes and the play ended with death. Another difference between Alexander and Forbes plays is the biblical reference. In A Preface to the Alien Garden, Lisa, also known as Fly Girl, often references the Book of Ezekiel. In Fire This Time (p 414), Lisa discusses the visions the Ezekiel had in will come back for her. She also draws a connection between Ezekiel wheel is the gig flying saucer that comes down from space.In Rhyme Deferred, the biblical reference made occurs between the main characters Akin and Gave. Their relationship and problems mirrors the biblical story of Cain and Able because they represent two sides of hip-hop; greed and ideals. There are many limitations in both plays that can affect my personal critique. Some limitations include sound, rhythm, movement, and the use of space. In Rhyme Deferred, Forbes says This piece in particular is not meant to be read (nor is any theatre piece), but even confining the ice o the page does it quite a disservice. (Fire This Time). Reading this play is limiting because the reader cannot see or hear some of the most important aspects of the play, movement, dance, and the music. This limitation is also true in A Preface to the Alien Garden because the reader must imagine the music and the actors rhyming versus actually hearing the play. Reading the plays is also limiting because these plays are never performed exactly the same. More specifically in Rhyme Deferred, the main characters freestyle throughout the performance and that is not omitting a reader gets to witness.Since the characters in Forbes play create the scenes, the reader cannot see this but must read the stage directions to imagine it. Personally, I really enjoyed reading both plays. I was surprised at how accurately both plays defined hip-hop. From reading and researching both plays a personal critique that I have is regarding the audience. Since both plays are about hip-hop they dont appeal to all audience and should be produced mostly in community theatres. Alexander had many difficulties receiving aid and help producing his play because of its content.Another critique I have is the use of space in A Preface to the Alien Garden, I believe that it would have been more effective to use more body movement throughout the play because hip-hop is about movement. Unfortunately, I only read the play, which can skew my critique, and the stage directions did not suggest much movement. Laurence Sassy reviewed A Preface to the Alien Garden describing it as the soaring poetry of some of the rap duels and the plaintive speeches of Lisa and Rick as they bid to discover a way to escape their fates are testimony to Alexander authentic talent, expressed with an authentic voice (Amazon peg 2).This review is significant because it highligh ts the significance of rhymes in the play and Alexander skills as a playwright. Lauren Smith reviews Rhyme Deferred describing it as spiritual and Shakespearean, a street-savvy, tradition-rich portal to the soul. Rhyme Deferred is a powerful performance piece that argues for Hip Hops higher purpose. (Amazon peg 5). This review is significant because it highlights how Forbes incorporated many different elements into a wonderful production. In conclusion, both plays are very significant as they take a chance by creating a play about hip-hop.Although done in different ways, both subtle and profane, both playwrights accurately depict the hip- hop generation and transform hip-hop through theatre. This is significant because hip-hop is a huge reflection of African American culture because it gives African Americans an avenue to express themselves and show off or develop rhyming skills. These plays are also important to hip-hop culture because although it is changing the basic elements of hip-hop, music, expression, rhymes, beats, dance, are reflected hill Alexander play focuses more on the dark side of hip-hop.